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如何拆分 JSON 数据

此 JSON 拆分器 拆分 JSON 数据,同时允许控制块大小。它会深度优先遍历 JSON 数据并构建较小的 JSON 块。它尝试保持嵌套的 JSON 对象完整,但如果需要使块大小介于 min_chunk_size 和 max_chunk_size 之间,则会拆分它们。

如果值不是嵌套的 JSON,而是一个非常大的字符串,则不会拆分该字符串。如果您需要对块大小进行硬性限制,请考虑将此与这些块上的递归文本拆分器组合使用。有一个可选的预处理步骤,可以通过首先将列表转换为 JSON (dict),然后像这样拆分它们来拆分列表。

  1. 文本的拆分方式:JSON 值。
  2. 块大小的测量方式:按字符数。
%pip install -qU langchain-text-splitters

首先,我们加载一些 JSON 数据

import json

import requests

# This is a large nested json object and will be loaded as a python dict
json_data = requests.get("https://api.smith.langchain.com/openapi.json").json()

基本用法

指定 max_chunk_size 以限制块大小

from langchain_text_splitters import RecursiveJsonSplitter

splitter = RecursiveJsonSplitter(max_chunk_size=300)

要获取 JSON 块,请使用 .split_json 方法

# Recursively split json data - If you need to access/manipulate the smaller json chunks
json_chunks = splitter.split_json(json_data=json_data)

for chunk in json_chunks[:3]:
print(chunk)
{'openapi': '3.1.0', 'info': {'title': 'LangSmith', 'version': '0.1.0'}, 'servers': [{'url': 'https://api.smith.langchain.com', 'description': 'LangSmith API endpoint.'}]}
{'paths': {'/api/v1/sessions/{session_id}': {'get': {'tags': ['tracer-sessions'], 'summary': 'Read Tracer Session', 'description': 'Get a specific session.', 'operationId': 'read_tracer_session_api_v1_sessions__session_id__get'}}}}
{'paths': {'/api/v1/sessions/{session_id}': {'get': {'security': [{'API Key': []}, {'Tenant ID': []}, {'Bearer Auth': []}]}}}}

要获取 LangChain Document 对象,请使用 .create_documents 方法

# The splitter can also output documents
docs = splitter.create_documents(texts=[json_data])

for doc in docs[:3]:
print(doc)
page_content='{"openapi": "3.1.0", "info": {"title": "LangSmith", "version": "0.1.0"}, "servers": [{"url": "https://api.smith.langchain.com", "description": "LangSmith API endpoint."}]}'
page_content='{"paths": {"/api/v1/sessions/{session_id}": {"get": {"tags": ["tracer-sessions"], "summary": "Read Tracer Session", "description": "Get a specific session.", "operationId": "read_tracer_session_api_v1_sessions__session_id__get"}}}}'
page_content='{"paths": {"/api/v1/sessions/{session_id}": {"get": {"security": [{"API Key": []}, {"Tenant ID": []}, {"Bearer Auth": []}]}}}}'

或者使用 .split_text 直接获取字符串内容

texts = splitter.split_text(json_data=json_data)

print(texts[0])
print(texts[1])
{"openapi": "3.1.0", "info": {"title": "LangSmith", "version": "0.1.0"}, "servers": [{"url": "https://api.smith.langchain.com", "description": "LangSmith API endpoint."}]}
{"paths": {"/api/v1/sessions/{session_id}": {"get": {"tags": ["tracer-sessions"], "summary": "Read Tracer Session", "description": "Get a specific session.", "operationId": "read_tracer_session_api_v1_sessions__session_id__get"}}}}

如何管理列表内容的块大小

请注意,在此示例中,其中一个块大于指定的 max_chunk_size(300)。查看其中一个较大的块,我们看到那里有一个列表对象

print([len(text) for text in texts][:10])
print()
print(texts[3])
[171, 231, 126, 469, 210, 213, 237, 271, 191, 232]

{"paths": {"/api/v1/sessions/{session_id}": {"get": {"parameters": [{"name": "session_id", "in": "path", "required": true, "schema": {"type": "string", "format": "uuid", "title": "Session Id"}}, {"name": "include_stats", "in": "query", "required": false, "schema": {"type": "boolean", "default": false, "title": "Include Stats"}}, {"name": "accept", "in": "header", "required": false, "schema": {"anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "null"}], "title": "Accept"}}]}}}}

默认情况下,json 分割器不会分割列表。

指定 convert_lists=True 来预处理 json,将列表内容转换为 index:item 作为 key:val 对的字典

texts = splitter.split_text(json_data=json_data, convert_lists=True)

让我们看一下块的大小。现在它们都在最大值以下了

print([len(text) for text in texts][:10])
[176, 236, 141, 203, 212, 221, 210, 213, 242, 291]

列表已转换为字典,但即使分成多个块,也保留了所有需要的上下文信息

print(texts[1])
{"paths": {"/api/v1/sessions/{session_id}": {"get": {"tags": {"0": "tracer-sessions"}, "summary": "Read Tracer Session", "description": "Get a specific session.", "operationId": "read_tracer_session_api_v1_sessions__session_id__get"}}}}
# We can also look at the documents
docs[1]
Document(page_content='{"paths": {"/api/v1/sessions/{session_id}": {"get": {"tags": ["tracer-sessions"], "summary": "Read Tracer Session", "description": "Get a specific session.", "operationId": "read_tracer_session_api_v1_sessions__session_id__get"}}}}')

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