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递归 URL

RecursiveUrlLoader 允许您递归地抓取从根 URL 开始的所有子链接并将其解析为文档。

概述

集成详细信息

本地可序列化JS 支持
RecursiveUrlLoaderlangchain_community

加载器功能

来源文档延迟加载原生异步支持
RecursiveUrlLoader

设置

凭据

使用 RecursiveUrlLoader 不需要凭据。

安装

RecursiveUrlLoader 位于 langchain-community 包中。没有其他必需的包,但是如果您安装了 ``beautifulsoup4`,您将获得更丰富的默认文档元数据。

%pip install -qU langchain-community beautifulsoup4

实例化

现在我们可以实例化我们的文档加载器对象并加载文档。

from langchain_community.document_loaders import RecursiveUrlLoader

loader = RecursiveUrlLoader(
"https://docs.pythonlang.cn/3.9/",
# max_depth=2,
# use_async=False,
# extractor=None,
# metadata_extractor=None,
# exclude_dirs=(),
# timeout=10,
# check_response_status=True,
# continue_on_failure=True,
# prevent_outside=True,
# base_url=None,
# ...
)
API 参考:RecursiveUrlLoader

加载

使用 .load() 将所有文档同步加载到内存中,每个访问的 URL 对应一个文档。从初始 URL 开始,我们递归遍历所有链接的 URL,直到指定的 max_depth。

让我们通过一个基本的示例来演示如何在 Python 3.9 文档 上使用 RecursiveUrlLoader

docs = loader.load()
docs[0].metadata
/Users/bagatur/.pyenv/versions/3.9.1/lib/python3.9/html/parser.py:170: XMLParsedAsHTMLWarning: It looks like you're parsing an XML document using an HTML parser. If this really is an HTML document (maybe it's XHTML?), you can ignore or filter this warning. If it's XML, you should know that using an XML parser will be more reliable. To parse this document as XML, make sure you have the lxml package installed, and pass the keyword argument `features="xml"` into the BeautifulSoup constructor.
k = self.parse_starttag(i)
{'source': 'https://docs.pythonlang.cn/3.9/',
'content_type': 'text/html',
'title': '3.9.19 Documentation',
'language': None}

太好了!第一个文档看起来像是我们开始时的根页面。让我们看一下下一个文档的元数据。

docs[1].metadata
{'source': 'https://docs.pythonlang.cn/3.9/using/index.html',
'content_type': 'text/html',
'title': 'Python Setup and Usage — Python 3.9.19 documentation',
'language': None}

该 URL 看起来像是我们根页面的子页面,这很好!让我们从元数据转向检查我们其中一个文档的内容。

print(docs[0].page_content[:300])

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" /><title>3.9.19 Documentation</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">

<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pydoctheme.css" type="text/css" />
<link rel=

这肯定看起来像是来自 https://docs.pythonlang.cn/3.9/ 的 HTML,这正是我们所期望的。现在让我们看一下我们可以在基本示例中进行的一些变体,这些变体在不同的情况下可能会有所帮助。

延迟加载

如果我们要加载大量文档,并且我们的下游操作可以在加载的所有文档的子集上完成,我们可以延迟加载文档,一次加载一个,以最大程度地减少内存占用。

pages = []
for doc in loader.lazy_load():
pages.append(doc)
if len(pages) >= 10:
# do some paged operation, e.g.
# index.upsert(page)

pages = []
/var/folders/4j/2rz3865x6qg07tx43146py8h0000gn/T/ipykernel_73962/2110507528.py:6: XMLParsedAsHTMLWarning: It looks like you're parsing an XML document using an HTML parser. If this really is an HTML document (maybe it's XHTML?), you can ignore or filter this warning. If it's XML, you should know that using an XML parser will be more reliable. To parse this document as XML, make sure you have the lxml package installed, and pass the keyword argument `features="xml"` into the BeautifulSoup constructor.
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "lxml")

在这个示例中,我们一次最多只加载 10 个文档到内存中。

添加提取器

默认情况下,加载器将每个链接的原始 HTML 设置为文档页面内容。为了将此 HTML 解析为更适合人类/LLM 的格式,您可以传入一个自定义的 extractor 方法。

import re

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup


def bs4_extractor(html: str) -> str:
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "lxml")
return re.sub(r"\n\n+", "\n\n", soup.text).strip()


loader = RecursiveUrlLoader("https://docs.pythonlang.cn/3.9/", extractor=bs4_extractor)
docs = loader.load()
print(docs[0].page_content[:200])
/var/folders/td/vzm913rx77x21csd90g63_7c0000gn/T/ipykernel_10935/1083427287.py:6: XMLParsedAsHTMLWarning: It looks like you're parsing an XML document using an HTML parser. If this really is an HTML document (maybe it's XHTML?), you can ignore or filter this warning. If it's XML, you should know that using an XML parser will be more reliable. To parse this document as XML, make sure you have the lxml package installed, and pass the keyword argument `features="xml"` into the BeautifulSoup constructor.
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "lxml")
/Users/isaachershenson/.pyenv/versions/3.11.9/lib/python3.11/html/parser.py:170: XMLParsedAsHTMLWarning: It looks like you're parsing an XML document using an HTML parser. If this really is an HTML document (maybe it's XHTML?), you can ignore or filter this warning. If it's XML, you should know that using an XML parser will be more reliable. To parse this document as XML, make sure you have the lxml package installed, and pass the keyword argument `features="xml"` into the BeautifulSoup constructor.
k = self.parse_starttag(i)
``````output
3.9.19 Documentation

Download
Download these documents
Docs by version

Python 3.13 (in development)
Python 3.12 (stable)
Python 3.11 (security-fixes)
Python 3.10 (security-fixes)
Python 3.9 (securit

这看起来好多了!

您还可以传入一个 metadata_extractor 来定制如何从 HTTP 响应中提取文档元数据。有关更多信息,请参见 API 参考

API 参考

这些示例仅展示了修改默认 RecursiveUrlLoader 的几种方法,但还有许多其他修改可以更好地适应您的用例。使用参数 link_regexexclude_dirs 可以帮助您过滤掉不需要的 URL,aload()alazy_load() 可用于异步加载等等。

有关配置和调用 RecursiveUrlLoader 的详细信息,请参见 API 参考:https://python.langchain.ac.cn/api_reference/community/document_loaders/langchain_community.document_loaders.recursive_url_loader.RecursiveUrlLoader.html


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